Fayzulla Xo‘jayev

Fayzulla Xo'jayev, who fought for the freedom, equality, and peace of the hard-working Uzbek people and for their future happiness, dedicated his entire being and his multifaceted activities to human happiness and their future. He is one of the wise individuals who, throughout his life, spent all his strength and energy, knowledge and skill for the sake of the country's independence, the prosperity of the nation, and the freedom of the people.

Biography

A people and nation that respects its history always considers the memory of its ancestors sacred and lives by honoring their memory.

Islam Karimov

Our President once said in one of his speeches: «Thousands of strong, unforgettable sons who were innocent victims of the repressions that befell our people during the difficult days laid the foundation stones of independence. That is why the names of the venerable people who were deliberately erased from our people's memory in the time of tyranny are being restored one by one».

One such true son of our people is Fayzulla Xo'jayev.

He is one of the wise individuals who, throughout his life, spent all his strength and energy, knowledge, and skill for the sake of the country's independence, the prosperity of the nation, and the freedom of the people.

Fayzulla Xo'jayev, a learned, knowledgeable, political, and cultured person of his time, and someone who knew his history well, was well provided for as he was born into a merchant family. He spent the wealth left by his father on opening Jadid schools and providing material support for the activities of the Young Bukharans.

Starting from 1917, Fayzulla Xo'jayev and Abdurauf Fitrat led the «Left Wing» that broke away from the Young Bukharans. Together with the Jadids, Fayzulla Xo'jayev fought to establish a constitutional monarchy and then a democratic republic in Bukhara.

Fayzulla Xo'jayev left behind a rich scientific heritage. In his books «Materials on the History of the Bukhara Revolution» (1926), «On the History of the Revolution in Bukhara and the National Delimitation of Central Asia» (1932), and articles such as «Economic Situation in the BPSR» (1924), «On the Young Bukharans» (1926), and «Jadids» (1926), his views on the serious problems of the first quarter of the 20th century are expressed.

Fayzulla Xo'jayev's life and activities began to be studied more deeply thanks to independence. In 1996, the Uzbek people celebrated the 100th anniversary of their devoted son Fayzulla Xo'jayev. On the occasion of the jubilee, Fayzulla Xo'jayev's works and research about him were published.

A true son of Bukhara

Fayzulla Xo'jayev, the true son of the Uzbek nation, was born in 1896 in Bukhara during the Bukhara Khanate, into a family of wealthy merchants. His father, Ubaydullaxo'ja Qosimxo'jayev, had a private trading company in Moscow and conducted trade in karakul skins on a large scale in Russia itself and in foreign markets. He wanted his son to grow up to be a faithful, educated, Muslim man like himself.

In 1907, his father took eleven-year-old Fayzulla to Moscow. In Moscow, he was taught by hired Russian tutors at home for five years. However, Fayzulla's father passed away before he had even turned sixteen. After that, Fayzulla Xo'jayev's upbringing was left to his mother, who came from a poor peasant family. His mother taught him all the good and bad sides of life, and her influence was the first factor that played a major role in the formation of the curious, intelligent young man's understanding of life.

Fayzulla Xo'jayev joined the Jadid movement in 1913. This movement had a certain developmental significance in the context of Bukhara. The first educators of Bukhara, Abdulvohid Buxonov, had a significant influence on the formation of progressive ideas in young Fayzulla.

The democratic movement in Bukhara began with the struggle to spread education and culture among the population. This started with the opening of new-method schools (maktabi usuli jadidi). In these schools, alongside the foundations of religious education, secular and social sciences such as mathematics, geography, and natural science were also taught. New-method schools were established in contrast to the schools that had existed in Bukhara for a long time (maktabi usuli qadimi).

The local intelligentsia and some representatives who led the movement to reform education of the local government began to unite all those who looked critically at the existing regime and the autocratic method of governance in Bukhara around the new-method schools. In those years, Bukhara was considered the cradle of the Muslim religion and the pillar of the Islamic religion. In the 364 narrow streets of the city, there were 360 mosques and 138 schools and madrasas with about 20 thousand students in total, and most of the students were children of clergy, merchants, emir officials, and representatives of the wealthy class.

Fayzulla Xo'jayev sought ways to end the backwardness of his country in the economic, socio-political, and cultural spheres and to improve the lives of the masses. In this regard, Fayzulla Xo'jayev and the Young Bukharans were of the same opinion on one issue - leading Bukhara on the path of development.

The Jadids were initially engaged in cultural and educational work, and later began to put forward demands for some democratic freedoms. Fayzulla Xo'jayev, who actively participated in the Jadid movement, began to become increasingly convinced that some changes needed to be introduced for the development of Bukhara. He also found supporters for his ideas among the Jadids, and together with his other companions, founded the Young Bukharans Party in 1917.

In April 1917, the Young Bukharans, led by Fayzulla Xo'jayev, appealed to the emir with demands that the people be given some democratic freedoms. But the emir did not yield to the Young Bukharans and took harsh revenge on them. The Communist Party of Bukhara, which emerged in 1918, expressed the fundamental interests of the masses.

Fayzulla Xo'jayev plunged into the work of the people with enthusiasm and worked tirelessly, serving as the chairman of the Council of People's Ministers of the BPSR (Bukhara People's Soviet Republic).

In January 1920, Fayzulla Xo'jayev began working as the chairman of the Central Bureau of the Revolutionary Young Bukharans Party, which was organized in Tashkent. On September 14, 1920, the Council of People's Ministers of Bukhara was established. Fayzulla Xo'jayev began working as the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Fayzulla Xo'jayev, who was a statesman of the Bukhara Republic, tried from the very first day to pursue an independent policy and to establish equal relations with Russia and foreign countries. He did a lot of work for the children of the Uzbek people to receive education. He took the initiative to send students to foreign countries for education.

In one of his speeches, Fayzulla Xo'jayev said to his people: «All thoughts and all knowledge must be directed toward one supreme goal - the strengthening of our great Motherland by all means».

Fayzulla Xo'jayev did not spare his strength and health in fulfilling his duty to the people. Even despite his illness, he solved many issues related to the economic and cultural construction of the young republic in Moscow. Fayzulla Xo'jayev worked as the head of the BPSR government for four years, and this period became a great school for Fayzulla Xo'jayev as a statesman, a school of economic and organizational work.

Fayzulla Xo'jayev's noble intention to turn Uzbekistan into an exemplary republic came true. He fought not only for the prosperity of the Uzbek nation but also for the prosperity of the Republic of Uzbekistan, where children of dozens of different nations work, and for the happy life of all nations living in that republic.

Under the leadership of Fayzulla Xo'jayev, as early as 1923, many practical measures were taken in the field of providing medical services to the population and expanding the network of general education schools, educational institutions, and courses. Providing medical services to the population - workers, employees, craftsmen, landless and land-poor peasants - at the state's expense was organized by the Ministry of Labor, Social Security, and Health. The first city hospital with 200 beds and 12 treatment-outpatient points were opened in Old Bukhara.

Public education also developed significantly. In 1923, 32 primary and secondary schools, four music schools, two institutes for training teachers, 11 children's homes, and a vocational school were established in the Republic of Bukhara.

Fayzulla Xo'jayev made a significant contribution to the initial results achieved in the fields of public education and health.

Fayzulla Xo'jayev, who strove for such high and noble goals, fulfilled his duty to the people with fervent energy.

But on July 9, 1937, Fayzulla Xo'jayev was arrested in Moscow.

He was sentenced to be shot on charges of joining the activities of the «Right-Trotskyist bloc», leading the activities of the «Milliy Ittihod» (National Union) organization, supporting the leaders of the «basmachi» movement, and showing care for Fitrat, Cho'lpon, Abdulla Qodiriy, Behbudiy, and other Uzbek intellectuals. Thus, Fayzulla Xo'jayev, the burning-hearted son of the Uzbek people, became a victim of the repressions.

On March 6, 1965, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court found Fayzulla Xo'jayev innocent and rehabilitated him.

Important dates related to Fayzulla Xo'jayev's life and work

Fayzulla Xo'jayev - born July 1, 1896, in Bukhara.

1905-1907 studied at the Bukhara madrasa.

1907-1912 studied at a private school in Moscow.

1912 returned to Bukhara.

1913 member of the Young Bukharans Party.

1913-1916 participated in the Jadid movement in Bukhara.

1917 chairman of the Turkestan Central Bureau of the Revolutionary Young Bukharans Party established in Tashkent, editor of the «Uchqun» newspaper.

September 14, 1920, the government of the Bukhara People's Soviet Republic - Council of People's Ministers was established, and he was elected head of the government.

In 1922, he worked as Minister of Internal Affairs.

1920-1922 Minister of Foreign Affairs of the BPSR.

1921-1924 Minister of Military Affairs.

1922-1924 Chairman of the Council of Labor and Defense.

1925 official representative of the USSR People's Commissariat of Military and Naval Affairs for the Uzbek SSR.

November 1924 chairman of the Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government.

From February 1925 to 1937, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Uzbek SSR.

In 1932, chairman of the commission to study the state of construction of major irrigation facilities in some regions of the UzSSR and to prepare proposals for the establishment of a cotton research institute in Tashkent.

In 1933, he delivered a speech at the First Congress of Progressive Collective Farmers and at the plenary session called by the Central Asian Bureau of the Central Committee of the VKP (b) regarding the fight to increase cotton production and solve the grain problem.

In 1934, he participated in the XVII Congress of the VKP (b) and in the work of the First Congress of Progressive Collective Farmers of the republic's livestock and grain-growing regions.

In 1935, delegate to the V Congress of Soviets of the UzSSR, VII Congress of Soviets of the USSR, participated in the council dedicated to the reconstruction of old cities.

Member of the commission for the preparation of the new USSR constitution draft.

In 1936, member of the commission for the preparation of the new UzSSR constitution draft. Delegate to the VI Congress of Soviets of the UzSSR and the Extraordinary VIII Congress of Soviets of the USSR.

In 1937, he delivered a speech at the VI Congress of Soviets of the UzSSR and the I Congress of Uzbek Intelligentsia. Participated in the work of the VII Congress of the Communist Party (b) of Uzbekistan.

On July 9, 1937, Fayzulla Xo'jayev was arrested in Moscow and sentenced to be shot.

On March 6, 1965, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court found Fayzulla Xo'jayev innocent and rehabilitated him.